The
Amazon Region occupies approximately 7 million square kilometres
in the North Central part of South America. Most of it is in Brazil
but it also crosses the border of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana
(also a small part of the French Guiana), Suriname and Venezuela.
The Amazon represents 58.5 percent of the Brazilian land mass. The
Amazon forest contains the largest single reserve of biological
organisms in the world. No one really knows how many species there
are in the Amazon forest, but scientists estimate that there are
between 800,000 and 5 million species living there, amounting to
15 to 30 percent of all the species in the entire world. As naturalists
catalogue new species of freshwater fish, their findings suggest
that there may be as many as 3,000 kinds of fish in the Amazon's
rivers and lakes. Among the specialized fish found in the area are:
the pirarucu, said to be the largest
freshwater fish in the world with specimens measuring over 6.5 feet
(2 metres) in length and weighing 275 pounds (125 kilograms); the
tambaqui, a member of the fruit-eating characin family which possesses
teeth that can crack seeds as hard as those of the rubber tree and
the jauari palm; and the piranha. The ferocity of the meat-eating
piranha has been exaggerated. Although it is true that some species
in rare circumstances have killed large animals and even people,
their behaviour depends on the state of their habitat. In main river
channels and in larger lakes they appear to leave swimmers unmolested.
Only when they lack nourishment do they become aggressive.
|